- Gambia River Basin Development Organization - The
Organization (French: Organisation pour la Mise en Valeur
du Fleuve Gambie, OMVG) promotes the construction of dams
for hydroelectric and irrigation purposes. The organization
was established in June 1978; headquarters are in Dakar, Senegal.
Members include: the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, and Senegal.
- G-10 - Group of Ten
- G-24 - Group of Twenty-Four
- G-5 - Group of Five
- G-7 - Group of Seven
- G-7 - Group of seven: the finance ministers and central
bankers of seven leading industrial nations
- G-77 - Group of Seventy-Seven
- G-COCOM - General License - COCOM
- G-DEST - General License - Destination
- G-NNR - General License - Non-Naval Reserve
- G-TEMP - General License - Temporary Export
- G.A. - General Average
- G.A.D.V. - Gross arrived damaged value
- G.A.F.T.A. - Grain & Feed Trade Assoc
- G.A.S.V. - Gross arrived sound value
- G.A.T.T. - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- G.F. - Government Form (chartering)
- g.f.a. - Good fair average
- G.L. - Germanischer Lloyd
- g.m.b. - Good merchantable brand
- g.m.q. - Good merchantable quality
- G.M.T. - Greenwich Mean Time
- G.N.E.P.I. - Gross net earned premium income
- g.o.b. - Good ordinary brand
- G.O.P. - Gross original premium
- g.r.t. - Gross register tons
- G.S. - Good safety
- g.s.m. - Good sound merchantable
- G/A - General average
- G/A con. - General average contribution
- G/A dep. - General average deposit
- GAB - General Arrangements to Borrow
- Gateway - In the context of travel activities, gateway
refers to a major airport or seaport. Internationally, gateway
can also mean the port where customs clearance takes place.
- GATT - General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
- GATT - General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
- GATT Panel - A panel of neutral representatives that
may be established by the GATT Secretariat under the dispute
settlement provisions of the GATT to review the facts of a
dispute and render findings of GATT law and recommend action.
- GCC - Gulf Cooperation Council
- GDP - Gross Domestic Product
- GDP - Gross domestic product
- GEF - Global Environmental Facility
- GEM - Global Export Manager
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - The GATT
is a binding contract among over 100 governments. GATT was
established in 1947 as an interim measure pending the establishment
of the International Trade Organization, under the Havana
Charter. The International Trade Organization (ITO) was never
ratified by Congress. Operating in the absence of an explicit
international organization, GATT has provided the legal framework
for international trade with its primary mission being the
reduction of trade barriers. Headquarters offices are in Geneva,
Switzerland. See: Rounds Standards.
- General Arrangements to Borrow - The GAB, established
in 1962 and amended several times, is an agreement under which
the International Monetary Fund may borrow monies from major
industrial nations (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy,
Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, the United States,
Sweden, and Switzerland). The GAB were originally designed
to enable the participants to strengthen the Fund by lending
to it specified amounts of their currencies. These loans would
be made when supplementary resources were needed to help finance
purchases by GAB participants in circumstances where such
financing would forestall or cope with an impairment of the
international monetary system. The GAB were amended to include
an associated agreement with Saudi Arabia and to permit the
Fund to use the arrangements to finance transactions with
nonparticipants under certain conditions on purchases involving
upper credit tranche conditionality
- General Exception - CoCom controls exports at three
levels, depending on the item and the proposed destination.
At the highest or "general exception" level, unanimous approval
by CoCom members is necessary.
- General Imports - "General Imports" measure the total
physical arrivals of merchandise from foreign countries, whether
such merchandise enters consumption channels immediately or
is entered into bonded warehouses or Foreign Trade Zones under
Customs custody.
- General License - These are licenses, authorized
by the Bureau of Export Administration, that permit the export
of goods and technology to specified countries without the
need for a validated license. No prior written authorization
is required and no individual validated license is issued.
There are over twenty different types of general licenses,
each represented by a symbol. The reason so many general licenses
exist is to accommodate the various exporting situations that
the Bureau of Export Administration has determined should
not require an Individual Validated License. These licenses
include:- General License BAGGAGE; - General License CREW
- General License GATS; - General License GCG; - General License
GCT; - General License G-DEST; - General License GFW; - General
License GIFT; - General License GIT; - General License GLOG;
- General License GLR; - General License GLV; - General License
G-NGO; - General License G-NNR - General License GTDA; - General
License GTDR; - General License G-TEMP; - General License
GTF-U.S.; - General License GUS; - General License GVN; -
General License PLANE STORES; - General License RCS; - General
License SAFEGUARDS; and - General License SHIP STORES.
- General License CREW - With limitations, General
License CREW authorizes a member of the crew on an exporting
carrier to export personal and household items among his/her
effects.
- General License-BAGGAGE - With limitations, General
License BAGGAGE authorizes individuals leaving the United
States for any destination to take with them as personal baggage
the following items: personal effects, household effects (including
personal computers), vehicles, and tools of the trade (including
highly technical ones), provided that certain conditions concerning
these items are complied with by the exporter.
- General License-G-DEST - With limitations, General
License shipments of commodities to destinations not requiring
a validated license. The majority of all items exported fall
under the provisions of General License G-DEST.
- General License-G-NGO - With limitations, General
License G-NGO authorizes non-governmental, non-profit organizations
to export donated items necessary to carry out small-scale
humanitarian projects in Vietnam.
- General License-G-TEMP - Subject to conditions and
exceptions, General License G-TEMP authorizes the temporary
export of commodities and software for temporary use abroad
for a period generally not to exceed 12 months.
- General License-GATS - With limitations, General
License GATS (Aircraft on Temporary Sojourn) authorizes the
departure from the United States of foreign registry civil
aircraft on temporary sojourn in the United States and of
U.S. civil aircraft for temporary sojourn abroad.
- General License-GCG - With limitations, General License
GCG (Shipments to Agencies of Cooperating Governments) authorizes
the export of commodities for official use of any agency of
a cooperating government within the territory of the cooperating
government.
- General License-GCT - With limitations, General License
GCT authorizes exports to eligible countries of all "A" level
commodities, except those specifically excluded in certain
Export Control Commodity Numbers (ECCNs) on the Commodity
Control List, to CoCom and CoCom participating countries.
Exports may be made under GCT only when intended for use or
consumption within the importing country, reexport among and
consumption within eligible countries, or reexport in accordance
with other provisions of the Export Administration Regulations.
- General License-GFW - With limitations, General License
GFW authorizes exports to most free-world destinations of
certain commodities subject to national security controls.
In most cases, these commodities have performance characteristics
that permit the United States to approve exports to controlled
countries with only notification to other CoCom governments.
- General License-GIFT - Subject to various provisions
and limitations, General License GIFT authorizes the export
of gift parcels by an individual in the United States.
- General License-GIT - With limitations, General License
GIT (intransit shipments) authorizes the export from the United
States of commodities that originate in one foreign country
and are destined to another foreign country.
- General License-GLOG - With limitations, General
License GLOG authorizes the export of unprocessed western
red cedar timber harvested from Federal, State and other public
lands in Alaska, all private lands, and land held in trust
for recognized Indian tribes by Federal or State agencies.
- General License-GLR - Subject to various provisions,
General License GLR authorizes the return or repair of commodities
and the replacement of parts.
- General License-GLV - With limitations, General License
GLV authorizes a "single shipment" of a commodity when the
shipment does not exceed the value limit specified in the
GLV paragraph of the ECCN.
- General License-GTDA - General License GTDA authorizes
exports to all destinations of technical data that are in
the public domain and generally available.
- General License-GTDR - When exporting technical data
to free world destinations and the information does not qualify
under GTDA and an IVL is not required, an exporter may use
GTDR. Certain GTDR shipments must be accompanied by a written
assurance from the foreign consignee stating that neither
the technical data nor the direct product thereof will be
shipped to Country Groups Q, S, W, Y, Z, or the People's Republic
of China. Lower level technology may be shipped without written
assurance; this is generally referred to as "GTDU".
- General License-GTF-U.S. - With limitations, General
License GTF-U.S. authorizes the export of commodities that
were: (1) imported into the United States for display at an
exhibition or trade fair; and (2) either entered under bond
or permitted temporary free importation under bond providing
for their export and are being exported in accordance with
the terms of such bond.
- General License-GUS - With limitations, General License
GUS authorizes the export to any destination of commodities
and software for personal or official use of personnel and
agencies of the U.S. Government.
- General License-GVN - General License GVN allows
exports to Vietnam of low-level items to be used by the exporter
to open offices or do feasibility studies in connection with
contracts to be executed after lifting of the embargo. The
exporter must have obtained a license form the Treasury Department
for the activities.
- General License-Plane Stores - With limitations,
General License-Plane Stores authorizes the export on aircraft
of U.S. or foreign registry departing from the United States
of usual and reasonable kinds and quantities of commodities
necessary to support the operation of an aircraft, provided
the commodities are not intended for unlading in a foreign
country and are not exported under a bill of lading as cargo.
- General License-Safeguards - With limitations, General
License-Safeguards authorizes exports to the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the European Atomic Energy
Community (EURATOM).
- General License-Ship Stores - With limitations, General
License-Ship Stores authorizes the export of usual and reasonable
kinds and quantities of the commodities to support the operations
of a vessel, provided the commodities are not intended for
unlading in a foreign country and are not exported under a
bill of lading as cargo.
- General Sales Manager - Under two programs -- GSM-102
and GSM-103 -- the Agriculture Department's Commodity Credit
Corporation provides guarantees for the repayment of commercial
credit extended to finance U.S. agricultural export sales.
The programs differ principally in the length of their terms
of coverage. The GSM-102 program (for General Sales Manager)
provides coverage for terms extending from six months to three
years. Guarantees are extended to U.S. banks confirming foreign
letters of credit issued to assist foreign importers who wish
to buy U.S. exports and to help primarily developing countries
which may face difficulties in obtaining a loan. The GSM-103
program provides coverage for terms extending from 48 months
to ten years. Guarantees are extended foreign importers who
wish to buy U.S. exports and to help primarily developing
countries which may face difficulties in obtaining a loan.
- General Tariff - A tariff that applies to countries
that do not enjoy either preferential or most-favored-nation
tariff treatment. Where the general tariff rate differs from
the most-favored-nation rate, the general tariff rate is usually
the higher rate.
- Generalized System of Preferences - The Generalized
System of Preferences, GSP, is a framework under which developed
countries give preferential tariff treatment to manufactured
goods imported from certain developing countries. GSP is one
element of a coordinated effort by the industrial trading
nations to bring developing countries more fully into the
international trading system. The U.S. GSP scheme is a system
of nonreciprocal tariff preferences for the benefit of these
countries. The U.S. conducts annual GSP reviews to consider
petitions requesting modification of product coverage and/or
country eligibility. United States GSP law requires that a
beneficiary country's laws and practices relating to market
access, intellectual property rights protection, investment,
export practices, and workers rights be considered in all
GSP decisions.
- Gesellschaft mit beschrunker Haftung - The GmbH (German,
meaning: "limited liability company") is a corporation with
separate legal personality. Its shareholders participate in
the original share capital with their initial contributions
but are not liable to the company's creditors. One person
alone can form a limited liability company but legal entities
may also be shareholders. The firm name of a limited liability
company must either be derived from the purpose of its business
or -- as in the case of limited partnerships -- from the name
of the shareholder or a combination of both. It must always
state "with limited liability" (mbH).
- GFW - General License - Free World
- GIE - Groupement d'Intert Economique
- GL - General License
- Global Environmental Facility - The GEF is aimed
at four global problems: climate change, pollution of international
waters, destruction of biodiversity, and depletion of stratospheric
ozone. The Facility was started in 1990 as a pilot project
to help developing countries protect the environment and to
transfer environmentally benign technology to these nations.
The program is jointly administered by the World Bank, the
U.N. Environment Program, and the U.N. Development Program.
- Global Export Manager - The Global Export Manager,
GEM, is an electronic system for collecting and disseminating
trade leads and business opportunities. GEM is maintained
by the National Association of State Development Agencies
(NASDA).
- Global Quota - A global quota is a quota on the total
imports of a product from all countries.
- GLR - General License - Return (Replacement)
- GLV - General License - Shipments of Limited Value
- GmbH - Gesellschaft mit beschrnker Haftung
- GNP - Gross National Product
- GNP - gross national product
- Gold Key Service - The Gold Key Service is an International
Trade Administration service that provides customized information
for U.S. firms visiting a country -- market orientation briefings,
market research, introductions to potential business partners,
an interpreter for meetings, assistance in developing a market
strategy, and help in putting together a follow-up plan. Trade
Specialists design an agenda of meetings, screen and select
the right companies, arrange meetings with key people, and
go with U.S. representatives to ensure that no unforeseen
difficulties occur.
- Government Procurement Policies and Practices - The
term refers to a nontariff barrier to trade involving the
discriminatory purchase by official government agencies of
goods and services from domestic suppliers, despite their
higher prices or inferior quality as compared with competitive
goods that could be imported.
- gr. - Grain, Gross
- Gr.t. - Gross ton
- Grandfather Clause - The General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade (GATT) provision that allows the original contracting
parties to exempt from general GATT obligations mandatory
domestic legislation which is inconsistent with GATT provisions,
but which existed before the GATT was signed. Newer members
may also "grandfather" domestic legislation if that is agreed
to in negotiating the terms of accession. (U.S. legislation
also provides for "grandfather clauses.")
- Gray Market Imports - This term refers to imports
bearing a genuine trademark but imported by a party other
than the trademark holder or authorized importer.
- Gross Domestic Product - A measure of the market
value of all goods and services produced within the boundaries
of a nation, regardless of asset ownership. Unlike gross national
product, GDP excludes receipts from that nation's business
operations in foreign countries, as well as the share of reinvested
earnings in foreign affiliates of domestic corporations.
- Gross National Product - A measure of the market
value of goods and services produced by the labor and property
of a nation. Includes receipts from that nation's business
operation in foreign countries, as well as the share of reinvested
earnings in foreign affiliates of domestic corporations.
- Gross Weight - The full weight of a shipment, including
goods and packaging. Compare Tare Weight.
- Group of Eleven - The G-11 (also known as the Cartagena
Group) was established in 1984 and comprises the largest debtor
nations in Latin America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay,
and Venezuela.
- Group of Fifteen - The G-15, established in 1990,
consists of relatively prosperous or large developing countries.
The G-15 discusses the benefits of mutual cooperation in improving
their international economic positions. Members include: Algeria,
Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia
(a very active member), Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela,
Yugoslavia, and Zimbabwe.
- Group of Five - Similar to the Group of Seven (G-7),
with the exception of Canada and Italy.
- Group of Seven - This term refers to seven major
economic powers (Canada. France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy,
Japan, and the United States) whose finance ministers seek
to promote balanced economic growth and stability among exchange
rates.
- Group of Seventy-Seven - A grouping of developing
countries which received its name in connection with 77 countries
issuing a joint statement in Geneva, Switzerland in 1964.
The G-77's primary focus is serving as a caucus for articulating
members' collective interests primarily in areas of promoting
economic cooperation among developing countries and in negotiations
on economic matters with developing countries. G-77 membership
has increased since 1964 to over 125 countries.
- Group of Ten - Under the International Monetary Fund's
General Agreements to Borrow (GAB), established in 1962, 10
of the wealthiest industrial members of the IMF "stand ready
to lend their currencies to the IMF up to specified amounts
when supplementary resources are needed." The finance ministers
of these countries comprise the Group of 10 (also called the
Paris Club). Members include: Belgium, Canada, France, Germany,
Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United
Kingdom, and the United States. Though numbering 11 with the
addition of Switzerland in 1984, the numerical name persists.
- Group of Twenty-four - A grouping of finance ministers
from 24 developing country members of the International Monetary
Fund. The Group, representing eight countries from each of
the African, Asian, and Latin American country groupings in
the Group of 77, was formed in January 1972 to counterbalance
the influence of the Group of 10.
- Groupement d'Intrat Economique - Groupement d'interat
economique (French: "economic interest grouping") is a joint
venture which has features of both a partnership and a corporation.
The GIE is used by enterprises that wish to set up a joint
activity on a trial basis or to cooperate, but not to merge.
The GIE must be an extension of some activity of its members,
frequently marketing, research, and management. Airbus Industrie
is an example of a GIE.
- grt - Gross registered tons
- GSM - General Sales Manager
- GSP - Generalized System of Preferences
- GSP - generalized system of preferences
- GTDA - General License - Technical Data Publicly
Available
- GTDR - General License - Technical Data Restricted
by Written, Assurance
- GTDU - General License - Technical Data Restricted
without, Written Assurance
- GTZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit
- guar. - Guaranteed
- Gulf Cooperation Council - The GCC, established in
May 1981, seeks to strengthen cooperation (in areas such as
agriculture, industry, investment, security, and trade) among
its six members: Bahrain, Kuwait, Quatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia,
and the United Arab Emirates. The GCC, created in response
to the outbreach of the Iran-Iraq war, established the Gulf
Standards Organization in November 1982 and the Gulf Investment
Corporation in 1984. The presidency of the GCC rotates yearly
among members. Council headquarters are in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Gy.C. - Gyro Compass
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